THEORY EARTH PRISONER
A new theory of the origin of human beings that shakes Darwin's theory of evolution
This book is notarized by the United States law
Author：
HAI-BO MAO
Translation：
Schopenhauer-Friedrich Chen
&
Immanuel-Wilhelm Jiang
Chapter 4
-----The fourth of the twenty-one major mysteries in the world solved by the Theory Earth Prisoner
Why do humans have various languages and characters?
Humans' far-fetched and wrong answers
Slogans are shouted during labor, and various languages and characters are produced in slogans.
The truth revealed by the Theory Earth Prisoner
When humans floated into the earth, they brought "language", and then humans carefully "designed" their own "characters" again and again.
Today, we use the Theory Earth Prisoner as the password key to solve the fourth of the twenty-one major mysteries in the world: Why do humans have various languages and characters?
Why do humans have various languages and characters? This is a mystery that no one in the world has been able to solve so far. The history of the development of human language and characters is a history of the struggle of human elites who refuse to submit to fate.
UNESCO's Atlas of Endangered Languages states that 80% of the world's population speaks 83 major languages, while the remaining 6,000 languages have no written records. About 500 languages have been studied, and the remaining languages have no written records, accounting for three-quarters of the world's known languages. UNESCO states that there are 5,651 known languages in the world.
Why do humans have language and writing? The ready-made answer is surprising: shouting slogans during labor produces various languages and writings. This has been the standard answer in universities for hundreds of years. There are many opponents, but no one has a second convincing answer.
For hundreds of years, linguists have been arguing about the origin of 5,651 "languages". In 1866, the Paris Linguistic Society explicitly prohibited discussions on the "origin of language". At that time, they had not yet separated "language" from "writing". Since 1990, linguists, neurologists, geneticists, biologists, archaeologists, psychologists, and anthropologists around the world have joined the research team on the origin of "language". At that time, scientists still did not separate "language" from "writing".
The real answer is that the origin of 5651 kinds of human "language" is natural and comes from the same place of origin. The origin of 1000 kinds of human "writing" is carefully designed by later generations. If "language" and "writing" are mixed together, humans will never be able to explain the true answer to the origin of language and writing.
When humans floated into the earth, they brought "language". Later, humans carefully "designed" their own "writing" again and again. Today, there are 1000 kinds of language and writing in one. There are languages and writing. But when humans floated into the earth, humans only had language, not writing.
Using sound, images, gestures, body language, and expressions to convey information to each other are all language. Language and writing are two concepts. Language came first, and writing came later. Writing is a symbol of language. Language is a symbol of expression of ideas agreed upon by various human groups. In ancient society, human culture could be inherited and stored only by "language". After humans floated into the earth, they created writing, which extended the space and time length of human language.
Human language and writing are two completely different systems. Humans can live prosperously from generation to generation, but they can be illiterate from generation to generation. Humans without writing do not feel any difficulties. Human language is natural, and human writing needs to go through the process of "design, learning, inheritance, and application".
If the humans who floated into the earth back then did not carefully "design" writing, and if the descendants of humans did not learn and inherit from generation to generation, today, humans will only "speak" oracle bone inscriptions, Dutch, English, Flemish, German, and Norwegian. There will never be "symbols" of these language families in the human brain, and there will never be character libraries of Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Semitic, Ural-Altaic, Bantu, and Austronesian languages.
1. The humans who floated into the earth brought only language, not writing
Today, human languages are divided into 6 major language families, 7 major language families, or 9 major language families. Taking the 6 major language families as an example, they are divided into language families, language branches, languages, and dialects. For example, the Indo-European language family is divided into Germanic language family, Latin language family, Slavic language family, Indian language family, and Iranian language family; the Sino-Tibetan language family is divided into Tibeto-Burman language family, Miao-Yao language family, and Zhuang-Dong language family; the Semitic language family and the Hamic language family are divided into Arabic, Hamic language family, and Semitic language family; the Ural-Altaic language family is divided into Europe, West Asia, Soviet Russia, and Mongolia; the Bantu language family is divided into West Africa and East Africa; the Austronesian language family is divided into the languages of the Indian Ocean and Pacific islands.
Some linguists have summarized that in the six major language families, the first notes of countless words are "coincidentally" the same. For example, the word " shoulder " is pronounced as j in Chinese, k in Yeniseian, k in Eurasian, ǵ in Indo-European, g in Latin, g in French, g in Italian, h in Spanish, g in Romanian, k in Germanic, k in English, k in German, k in Dutch, k in Danish, k in Swedish, k in Norwegian, k in Faroese, k in Icelandic, ĵ in Indo-Iranian, k in Finnish, k in Estonian, k in Hungarian, k in Turkish, g in Turkmen, and k in Niger-Congo.
Thousands of "languages" in the six major language families pronounce the first note of the word " shoulder " as either J, G or K. This phenomenon is prevalent in the words of the six major language families, not 50%, but 30%. Although many "words" in the six major language families are written differently, the pronunciation of the first note of many words is "unintentionally" the same.
If this confusing "rule" only occurs in the language families, branches, languages and dialects under a certain language family, we can explain it by "phonetic infection" of the same language family, but this "rule" occurs in all the word libraries of the six major language families: Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Semitic, Ural-Altaic, Bantu and Austronesian.
In ancient and even ancient societies, when information was not well developed, the languages of human beings around the world showed such a "rule" that the first notes of many "words" were pronounced the same "accidentally". If this "rule" does not tell us that the human beings who floated into the earth have the same origin, the same species, and the same "language", what else can it tell us?
There are 73 languages with more than 50 million speakers in the world. The pronunciation of "mama" is almost the same all over the world. Mum in English, maman in French, Mutter in German, Mamma in Italian, Mor in Danish, MaMa in German, mama in Chinese, māter in Latin, and mātā in Sanskrit all represent the "M" sound. The "Guangya · Shiqin" of the Three Kingdoms period of the Chinese nation notes: Ma means mother. "Kangxi Dictionary" says "common reading is like Ma, flat tone, mother is called Ma." Li Ping'er in the Ming Dynasty's "Jin Ping Mei" said: "... Mom will take you to the front to sleep." It can be seen that the title "MM" has existed since ancient times and is universally used. It is not an imported product or "cultural export".
Some people say that the pronunciation of M does not require the help of the tongue. Before babies learn to speak, when they open their mouths, the tongue position is in the position of the low vowel A. The combination of consonants and vowels can produce a pronunciation similar to M. This statement is difficult to convince the public.
It should be noted that the most difficult sound to make in the human mouth is the "Ma (M)" sound. Some scholars say that the easiest sound for humans to make is the "Ma (M)" sound. This statement is confusing. You can record the first cry of babies around the world when they come into the world, and you can also record the crying of babies around the world. They all make the "Ah (A)" sound. This is the easiest primitive note for humans to make when they make sounds. It is the only reason why humans make the "Ah (A)" sound when they are in danger and panic.
We can start with the words of surprise and emotion uttered by English people, that is, interjections, interjections, and modal particles in English, and learn that when English people are in a hurry, the words they use to express their emotional state are all A, E, O, H, U, W, Y, S, and P sounds. English people do not conceal or consider these sounds. These are the easiest notes to utter in human mouths. Searching through all interjections, interjections, and modal particles in English, we cannot find any that start with the letter M, such as:
Aah, Aww, Aye, Ahh, Alright, Ah, Christ, Come, Duh, Er, Eh, Erm, Eww, Gee, Hah, Hm, Hey, Heh, Huh, Hiya, Hmmm, Jesus, Nah, Nope, Oops, Oh, Oon, Ouch, Ooh, OK, Oi, Okay, Okey, Oh my god, Phew, Right, Shh, Shoot, So, There, Then, Ugh, Uh, Um, Whew, Whoa, Whoo, Wow, Well, Yaaas, Yeah, Yo, Yuck, Yup, Yep.
We can also start with the exclamations and words of fear uttered by Chinese people, that is, the exclamations and modal particles in Chinese. It can be found that the words used by Chinese people to express their emotional state in a hurry are also A, E, O, H, U, W, Y, S, and P. Chinese people do not conceal or consider these sounds, because these are the easiest notes to utter in human mouths. After searching all the exclamations and modal particles in Chinese, no exclamations or modal particles with the initial letter M can be found, such as:
The Chinese characters for surprise and admiration are: 啊,吓,哎,嗨,嘿,嘿,嚯哟; the Chinese characters for happiness and ridicule are:哈,嘻,呵,呵; the Chinese characters for grief and sadness are:哎,嗨,哎; the Chinese characters for hatred and contempt are: 哄,呸,吓,啐; the Chinese characters for contempt and disdain are:吓,嗨,嚯,哎,(The " many words " does not have a direct translation in English )
The following words have been used as exclamations in Chinese: cough, dumb, eh, ah, scared, sigh, hey, na, woo, ah, ha, hey, duh, huh, um, um, um, puh, duh, hi, um, yo, ha, no, de, tsk, um, hey, scold, yo, consult, ah, hey, hey, eh, eh, huh, hey, think, um, oh, hum, hey, oh, um, um, oh, hey, hey, um ... The following are used as interjections in Chinese: ah ya, ah yo, ah ha, tsk tsk, huh, yu jia, ah yo, hey, ha, huo yi, jia lai, jia hu, heng yo, ah ya, ah ye, ah yo, aiya, aiya, aiya, aiya, zi hu, yu xi, yu hu, yu suo, yu huang, yi yu, ya ya hu, hee yi, oh yo, yi jia, it's over, yi hu, yi xing, yi hee, yi yu jia, yi yu zai 、Yeah, eh, dudu, ehu, yena, yeyewuxi, good guy, haya, oh, oh, noi, awesome, weixi, weixi, wuhu, wuhu, wuyu, hoyo, jiejie, jiezai, hehe, haha, hehe, hehe, hengyo, good boy.
The easiest animal in the world to make the "mama (M)" sound is the cat. After they came to the earth, whether they were in heat, attacking other animals, or interacting with humans, the sound coming out of the cat's mouth is always the "mama (M)" sound. Some people also believe that the sound of M originated from the sound of babies sucking milk, and it was transformed from sucking milk into mother.
But the world's six major language families, from Indo-European to Sino-Tibetan, from Semitic to Niger-Congo, from Tukano to Austronesian, "coincidentally" use consonants and vowels made by two lips to make the same "mother" sound, which is not a coincidence.
There are 5,651 languages in the world. The population of Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages is about 3.5 billion, scattered in Asia, Europe, Africa and America, accounting for half of the world's population (7 billion), but there are 850 languages in the Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages, accounting for less than one-eighth of the world's 5,651 languages.
We will not discuss why humans pronounce the M sound when calling "mother", we will only discuss why the six major language families of humans "coincidentally" use the M sound to call "mother"?
There is only one truth, that is, humans have brought a "close" common language to the earth. The first notes of countless "words" in the six major language families have the same pronunciation (such as: mom, we, fly, etc.), indicating that humans have the same origin and come from the same planet.
It shows that when humans landed on various continents, they remembered the pronunciation of these words before coming to the earth. When characters were created all over the world, the writing forms of "characters" could be varied, and the pronunciation of "language" would not change much.
At the same time, humans did not forget to educate the next generation. Humans teach children to call "mother", and children will call "mother". They teach children to call "mother", and children will call "mother".
For example, the father in Manchu is ama, and the mother is enie. In Japanese, mother is also called はは, which is pronounced as papa in ancient Japanese, and father is titi. The Arabic "mother" is pronounced as wālida, the Filipino is ina, the Finnish is äiti, the Inuit is iu, and the Mongolian is ex or ehe. This is the reason.
There are thousands of languages in the world, and no matter how far apart they are, the first notes of many "words" are pronounced the same, which points to the fact that humans come from another planet and are guests "under house arrest" on Earth.
2. Oracle bone inscriptions left an indelible "historical imprint" of the history of human beings in ancient and even ancient times, with "speech" but no "characters"
In ancient and even ancient times, after human beings floated into the earth, they only had language but no characters. The oldest oracle bone inscriptions of the Chinese nation left an indelible "historical imprint" of the history of human beings in those days with "speech" but no "characters", with only "speech".
Yue (yue), the meaning of the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty is "say". The original word is from the mouth, and the short horizontal line is added to indicate that the words come out of the mouth. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: It is like the breath coming out of the mouth. For example, "Sui and Tang Jiahua" says: The emperor said: I am afraid of seeing, let alone Yu Xuanling.
Looking at the character "speak", we can see that before the birth of oracle bone script, "speaking" was an important thing. Looking at the oracle bone script, the ancients created the character "speak" in the oracle bone script. The shape of the character "speak" is the tip of the tongue plus a short horizontal line, indicating that the tongue is moving. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "speak" means "straightforward speech" and " On the Difficulty " means " language ". It is composed of the character "orifice". All words are composed of the character "speak".
Looking at the character "word" again, we can see that before the birth of oracle bone script, "writing" was not an important thing. The ancients did not create the character "word" in the oracle bone script. There was no "word" in the oracle bone script. In the bronze era, the character "word" appeared. The original meaning of the character "word" was that a woman would settle down in her husband's family and give birth to offspring. In order to prevent others from stealing and robbing, a "mark" was tattooed on the newly married woman. This "mark" was called "word", which is very different from today's meaning.
The "historical imprint" of oracle bone script, which emphasizes "speech" and abandons "characters", tells us that after humans floated into the earth, they had "speech" but no "characters" for a long time. In ancient times, the "voice" of oracle bone script was passed down by word of mouth, and the "characters" of oracle bone script were still being brewed by the elites of mankind. The ancient Chinese nation "spoke" in oracle bone script, but the elites of the Chinese nation at that time had not yet "created" the writing method of oracle bone script, nor had they "carved" oracle bone script on tortoise bones.
At the same time, ancient civilizations all over the world, such as Egypt, Maya, and India, were also brewing their own characters. These ancient civilizations were also in a brewing period with "language" but no "characters". The history of human "characters" is experiencing a period of "nirvana".
3. The Classic of Mountains and Seas left an indelible "historical imprint" that humans in ancient and even ancient times had "speech" but no "words", only "saying".
The ancient historical document of the Chinese nation, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, left an indelible "historical imprint" that only "saying" but no "books".
Take the carrier and object " book " as an example. The shape of the oracle bone script is a bamboo or wooden piece strung together with a rope. The original meaning of the character is: a book made of bamboo or wooden pieces strung together. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: it is a talisman, and the princes receive it from the king. It looks like the long and short pieces of the letter, with two braided ropes in the middle. All the characters related to the book are derived from the word "册(Book)". The vernacular is: 册(Book), a book that records the court's authorization, the letter of enfeoffment, and the princes' acceptance of the king's title. The shape of the character is like the long and short pieces of the letter, with two braided ropes in the middle. All the characters related to the book use "册(Book)" as a radical.
Take the carrier and object "書(Book)" as an example. The oracle bone script character is 書(Book) = (Again, catch) + (Bamboo tube, brush) + (orifice, Mochi or Yantai). The original meaning of the character is: put the brush in the ink pool to dip the ink for writing. " Explaining Chinese Characters " says: 書(Book), to carve or write characters on bamboo slips. The character shape uses "yu" as the side radical and " Those" as the phonetic radical .
Take the carrier and object "mark" as an example. In oracle bone script, it was originally "pay", which means to entrust. The seal script of "mark" = (bamboo) + (pay, pay). The original meaning of the character is: the bamboo token entrusted by the court to the person to whom the order is given, representing his identity and power. Usually, the court will divide the bamboo piece with text patterns into two halves, one half in the court and the other half in the wild, as a certificate for the court to convey the order. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "mark" is a token authorized by the court, a token in the court. The standard of the Han Dynasty is made of bamboo, six inches long, and can be accurately matched after cutting. The character shape uses " bamboo " as the side and "pay" as the phonetic component.
After searching the Classic of Mountains and Seas, there is no record of the ancestors of the Chinese nation using objects and carriers such as "books, books, and symbols". In the ritual system of the Chinese nation, "books, books, and symbols" are important objects and carriers in life. The Chinese nation "carved" or "wrote" characters on these carriers and objects to record events, transmit signals, and perform sacrifices. If "characters" had been born before the Classic of Mountains and Seas, there should be detailed records of the ancestors of the Chinese nation using objects and carriers such as "books, books, and symbols" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
However, there is not even a shadow of "books" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and there is not even a shadow of "books" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. There are two shadows of "talismans" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the two shadows are hidden in the Western Mountains of the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
The shadow of the first "talisman" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas is: Another eighty miles west is the Fu Yu Mountain, which has more copper on the yang side and more iron on the yin side. There is a tree on top of it, called Wenjing, whose fruit is like a jujube and can cure deafness. The grass has many stripes, and its shape is like sunflower, but its flowers are red and its fruit is yellow, like a baby's tongue, and eating it can make people not confused. The Fuyu River originates from it, and flows north to the Wei River. There are many beasts, which are like sheep with red manes. There are many birds, which are like emeralds with red beaks and can resist fire.
Translation: .......The Fuyu River originates from this mountain, and then flows north to the Wei River........
The shadow of the second "Fu" in "Shan Hai Jing" is: Two hundred miles west is the Futi Mountain, which has many palm trees on the top and many gold and jade on the bottom. Shen Jiang Yi lives there. This mountain is the place where strange rains and winds and clouds come from.
The translation is as follows: ....... Two hundred miles further west, there is a mountain called Futi Mountain, on which there are many palm trees and nanmu trees........
The objects described by the two "Fu" characters in "Shan Hai Jing" are completely unrelated to the original meaning of the character "Fu", referring to "Fu Yu Water" and "Fu Ti Mountain".
In contrast, the "shadow" of the character "Yue" in "Shan Hai Jing" is everywhere. The so-called "Yue" is the original meaning of the character: to speak. The shape of the character in oracle bone script is: add a short horizontal line inside "kou" to indicate the movement of the mouth. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Yue" is a word, from "kou", with the sound of "yi", which also looks like the breath coming out. All characters related to "Yue" are from "Yue". The vernacular meaning is: "Yue" is a word, with the sound of "kou" and the sound of "yi", which also looks like the breath coming out. All characters related to "Yue" use "Yue" as the side.
The word "say" is used 862 times in "Classic of Mountains and Seas". People use "say" to express their meanings, to talk, to call, at the beginning of a sentence, in the middle of a sentence, so, and even because.
The number of times " saysay" is used in "Classic of Mountains and Seas" shows that the ancestors of the ancient Chinese almost lived in the world of " say ".
4. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine left an indelible "historical imprint" that humans in ancient and even ancient times had "speech" but no "words", only "saying".
The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the earliest document of the Chinese nation, left a "historical imprint" that human society only had "saying" but no "books".
The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine is a record of Huangdi's discussion of medicine with ministers such as Qi Bo, Lei Gong, Bo Gao, Yu Fu, Shao Shi, Gui Yu Qu, and Shao Yu. Together with the Difficult Classic, Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, and Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, it is regarded as one of the four classic works of traditional medicine of the Chinese nation. The book was conceived at an unknown time and was completed in the Warring States Period, with a total of 18 volumes and 162 chapters.
We still take the carrier and object of "book", the carrier and object of "book", and the carrier and object of "talisman" as examples to see how the ancestors of the Chinese nation used the carriers and objects of "book, book, and talisman" before the work of "Huangdi Neijing" was conceived and written.
Similarly, after searching through "Huangdi Neijing", "book" does not even have a shadow in "Huangdi Neijing", and "book" does not even have a shadow in "Huangdi Neijing". Only "talisman" has 16 shadows in "Huangdi Neijing", and the 16 shadows are hidden in "Lingshu" and "Suwen" of "Huangdi Neijing".
The shadow of the first "talisman" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Emperor said: What is the meaning of "addition"? Qi Bo said: If it is too much, add the same heaven talisman, and if it is not enough, add the same year meeting. Emperor said: What is the meaning of "appearance"? Qi Bo said: Too much or too little, both are called heavenly signs, but the changes are more or less, the disease is mild or severe, and life and death are early or late!
Translation: .......Huangdi said: What does it mean that the annual movement is consistent with the Sitian? Qi Bo said: Too much or too little, both are called heavenly signs, but the changes are more or less, the disease is mild or severe, and life and death are early or late........
The shadow of the second "Symbol" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Qi Bo said: Jueyin, Shaojiao, Shaoyang, clearing heat is better than returning to the same, the same is the right angle, Dingsi Tianfu, Dinghai Tianfu, its movement\wind, clearing heat. Shaojiao (first right), Taizheng, Shaogong, Taishang, Shaoyu (end).
Translation: Jueyin Fengmu is in charge of the year and the year of Hai, Dingsi year, Dinghai year (these two years are both heavenly signs). Jueyin wind wood governs the sky, Shaoyang phase fire is in the spring........
The shadow of the third "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Shaoyin, Taishang, Yangming, Gengzi (same Tianfu), Gengwu (same Tianfu), Tongzhengshang, its movement is cool and vigorous, its transformation is fog and dew, and its change is solemn and withered. Its disease is clear below. Taishang, Shaoyu (end), Shaojiao (beginning), Taizheng, Shaogong.
Translation is as follows: Tongtianfu is a term for luck, referring to the combination of the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring in the year of Yang (Yang Gan), from "Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun".
The shadow of the fourth "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Taiyin, Shaogong, Taiyang, Fengqingshengfutong, Tongzhenggong, Jichou Taiyi Tianfu, Jimi Taiyi Tianfu, its movement is rain, wind is clear. Shaogong, Taishang, Shaoyu (end), Shaojiao, (beginning), Taizheng. Taiyin, Shaoshang, Taiyang, hot and cold win and return to the same, Yichou, Yiwei, its movement\cool, hot. Shaoshang, Taiyu (end), Taijiao (beginning), Shaozheng, Taigong.
Translation as follows: "Tianfu is a term for luck, referring to the year of Yang (Yang Gan), the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring, from "Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun".
The shadow of the 5th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Taiyin, Taizheng, Yangyin, Wuzi Tianfu, Wuwu Taiyi Tianfu, its movement\scorching heat, its transformation is noisy and sultry, its change is fierce and boiling, its disease is hot and bloody. Taizheng, Shaogong, Taishang, Shaoyu (end), Shaojiao (beginning).
Translation as follows: Tianfu is a term for luck, referring to the year of Yang (Yang Gan), the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring, from "Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun".
The shadow of the sixth "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Shaoyang, Taijiao, Jueyin, Renyin (Tongtian Fu), Renshen (Tongtian Fu), its movement is wind-drum, its transformation is humming, disorder, opening and dismantling, its change is vibration, pulling and pulling, its disease is dizziness, ribs, and shock. Taijiao (beginning), Shaozheng, Taigong, Shaoshang, Taiyu (end).
Translation as follows: Tongtian Fu is a term for luck, referring to the combination of the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring in the year of Yang (Yang Gan), from "Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun".
The shadow of the 7th "Fu" in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is: Yangming, Shaoshang, Shaoyin, wind cool wins and returns to the same, the same as Zhengshang, Yimao Tianfu, Yiyou Suihui, Taitian Tianfu, its movement is cool, hot and cold. Shaoshang, Taiyu (end), Taijiao (beginning), Shaozheng, Taigong. Yangming, Shaoyu, Shaoyin, rain and wind wins and returns to the same, Xinmao Shaogong is the same, Xinyou, Xinmao, its movement is cold, rain and wind. Shaoyu (end), Shaojiao (beginning), Taizheng, Taigong, Taishang.
Translation: Tianfu is a term for luck, referring to the combination of the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring in the year of Yang (Yang Gan), from Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun.
The shadow of the 8th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Taiyang, Taigong, Taiyin, Jiachen Suihui (Tongtian Fu), Jiaxu Suihui (Tongtian Fu), its movement is Yin dust, its transformation is soft and moist; its change is shocking and floating; its disease is dampness and heavy. Taigong, Shaoshang, Taiyu (end), Taijiao (beginning), Shaozheng. Taiyang, Taishang, Taiyin, Gengchen, Gengxu, its movement is cool, its transformation is fog and dew; its change is austere and withered; its disease is dry, back dizziness and chest fullness. Taishang, Shaoyu (end), Shaojiao (beginning), Taizheng, Shaogong.
Translation as follows: Tongtian Fu is a term for luck, referring to the combination of the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring in the year of Yang (Yang Gan), from "Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun".
The shadow of the 9th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: The Emperor said: How is it noble or humble? Qi Bo said: The Heavenly Fu is for enforcing the law, the Suiwei is for issuing orders, and the Taiyi Tianfu is for the noble.
The translation is as follows: …..Qi Bo said: The Heavenly Fu is like enforcing the law, the Suihui is like issuing orders, and the Taiyi Tianfu is like a noble.
The shadow of the 10th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: How is the Heavenly Fu Suihui? Qi Bo said: It is the meeting of the Taiyi Tianfu.
The translation is as follows: How is the Heavenly Fu Suihui? (This is the Emperor asking about the Taiyi Tianfu.) Qi Bo said: It is the meeting of the Taiyi Tianfu. (It is both the Heavenly Fu and the Suihui, which is the meeting of the Taiyi Tianfu, such as the four years of Ji Chou, Ji Wei, Wu Wu, and Yi You above. Taiyi is the title of the supreme and unrivaled.
The shadow of the 11th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Taiyang, Taiyu, Taiyin, Bingchen Tianfu, Bingxu Tianfu, its movement is cold, its transformation is condensed and miserable; its change is ice, snow, frost and hail; its disease is severe cold and stays in the valley. Taiyu (end), Taijiao (beginning), Shaozheng, Taigong, Shaoshang.
Translation as follows: Tianfu, a term for luck, refers to the combination of the excessive middle luck and the guest qi in the spring in the year of Yang (Yang Gan), from "Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun".
The shadow of the 12th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Shaoyang, Taizheng, Jueyin, Wuyin Tianfu, Wushen Tianfu, its movement is hot, its transformation is noisy and depressed, and its change is fierce and boiling. Its disease is upward, heat depression, blood overflow, blood leakage, heartache. Taizheng, Shaogong, Taishang, Shaoyu (end), Shaojiao (beginning).
Translation as follows: ........all are Tianfu years........
The shadow of the 13th "Fu" in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is: The Emperor said: In the year of the Earth Movement, Taiyin is seen; in the year of the Fire Movement, Shaoyang and Shaoyin are seen; in the year of the Metal Movement, Yangming is seen; in the year of the Wood Movement, Jueyin is seen; in the year of the Water Movement, Taiyang is seen; what can we do? Qi Bo said: It is the meeting of heaven, so the Tianyuan Book is called Tianfu.
The translation is as follows: .......All are Tianfu years........
The shadow of the 14th "Fu" in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is: The Emperor said: Good. What is the amount of Qi, and the rise and fall of the form? Gui Yuqu said: The Qi of Yin and Yang each has its own amount, so it is called three Yin and three Yang. The rise and fall of the form is called the governance of the five elements, and each has its own excess and deficiency. Therefore, at the beginning, if there is excess, it will go, and if there is deficiency, it will follow; if there is deficiency, it will go, and if there is excess, it will follow. Knowing to welcome and following, the Qi can be expected. Yingtian is Tianfu, Chengsui is Suizhi, and Sanhe is governance.
The translation is as follows: ........all are Tianfu years........
The shadow of the 15th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Emperor said: What is "jia"? Qi Bo said: If it is too much, it will add the same Tianfu, and if it is not enough, it will add the same Suihui. Emperor said: What is "Lin"? Qi Bo said: Too much or too little, they are all called Tianfu, and the changes are more or less, the disease is mild or severe, and life and death are early or late!
Translation as follows: .......all are Tianfu years........
The shadow of the 16th "Fu" in "Huangdi Neijing" is: Emperor said: The five movements\the movement is the same as the transformation of heaven is called Tianfu, and I know it. I would like to know what is the same as the transformation of earth? Qi Bo said: There are three cases of excessive and the same transformation of heaven, and three cases of insufficient and the same transformation of heaven; there are three cases of excessive and the same transformation of earth, and three cases of insufficient and the same transformation of earth. This is a total of 24 years.
Translation as follows: ........all are Tianfu years........
The objects expressed by the 16 characters "mark" in Huangdi Neijing are totally unrelated to the original meaning of "mark". The characters "mark" in Huangdi Neijing all express "law enforcement", "orders", "weather", and "nobles". There is no record of the Chinese ancestors using objects and vehicles such as "books, books, and talismans" in Huangdi Neijing.
In contrast, the "shadow" of the character "say" in Huangdi Neijing is everywhere. The original meaning of "say" is to speak. Huangdi Neijing uses this character "say" as many as 2571 times. People use "say" to express meaning between each other, "say" to say, "say" to call, "say" to start a sentence, "say" to be in the middle of a sentence, "say" to be used for this, and even "say" to be used for this.
Huangdi Neijing tells us that in ancient times and even in the distant past, there was no "writing" but only "language". The Chinese ancestors lived in the world of "say".
5. The ancient Chinese document "Book of Changes" left behind the "historical imprint" that ancient human society only had "said" but no "books"
The ancient Chinese document "Book of Changes" left behind the "historical imprint" that human society only had "said" but no "books".
"Book of Changes", also known as "Zhou Yi", was written in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. At this time, the Chinese nation had already carved oracle bone characters on tortoise bones. Although there is a legend that Fuxi first created the eight trigrams in ancient times, and Xia Yu expanded it to sixty-four trigrams in ancient times, the relevant secret book was recorded in the book "Lianshan Yi", which determined that "Gen" was the first trigram. In the Shang Dynasty, it was changed to "Kun" as the first trigram, and all the trigrams were recorded in the book "Guizang". The entire "trigram formation" process, "Book of Changes" is a "picker of wallets".
Let's still take the carrier and object "book" as an example, the carrier and object "book" as an example, and the carrier and object "talisman" as an example to see how the ancestors of the Chinese nation used the carriers and objects such as "book, book, and talisman" before the book "Book of Changes" was conceived and written.
After searching through the Book of Changes, it was found that "book" did not even have a shadow in the Book of Changes, and "talisman" did not even have a shadow in the Book of Changes. Only "book" had 5 shadows in the Book of Changes.
The shadow of the first "book" in the Book of Changes is: The Book of Changes says: ... Confucius said: Books cannot express all words, and words cannot express all meanings.
The shadow of the second "book" in the Book of Changes is: Therefore, the Book of Changes has a great extreme... The map came out of the river, the book came out of the Luo River, and the saints followed it.
The shadow of the third "book" in the Book of Changes is: The Book of Changes is a book, ... Therefore, good and bad things are born from it.
The shadow of the fourth "book" in the Book of Changes is: "Book of Changes" is a book... Is it soft and dangerous, or is it strong and victorious?
The shadow of the fifth "book" in the Book of Changes is: "Book of Changes" is a book that cannot be far away... All people use it to observe, probably from "Ge".
The shadows of these five "books" in the Book of Changes all express "this book", "this person", and "this book". There is no description of the objects and carriers such as "books, books, and symbols" used by the ancestors of the Chinese nation.
Similarly, the "shadow" of the word "say" in the Book of Changes is everywhere in the Appendix. The second description of the word "say" in the Book of Changes is as many as 587 times. "say" is used to express meaning between people, "say" is used to say, "say" is used to call, "say" is used at the beginning of a sentence, "say" is used in the middle of a sentence, "say" is used, and even "say" is used because of.
The Book of Changes tells us that in ancient times and even in the ancient times, there was no "writing" but only "language", and the ancestors of the Chinese lived in the world of "saying".
6. The Iliad left an indelible "historical imprint" that humans in ancient and even the ancient times had "speech" but no "writing", only "oral messages"
In the ancient and ancient documents of the Chinese nation, there is no relevant description of the ancestors of the Chinese nation using objects and carriers such as "books, books, and symbols". So, does Western literature leave a "historical imprint" that human society only has "saying" but no "books"? The answer is yes.
The epic of Homer tells the story of the Greek city-states in the Mycenaean era attacking Troy. The epic of Homer is divided into two parts: Iliad and Odyssey. The protagonist Odysseus is the smartest man in Greece. His "Trojan Horse" broke through the walls of Troy. The Greeks looted the temple, causing the gods to bring disaster to Odysseus. However, Odysseus' love for his wife and family moved the gods, and he was finally able to return home.
In the Iliad, Hector gave orders to the soldiers, saying "You go back now and give him my message", urged the soldiers to advance, saying "shout loudly", gave orders to the army, saying "shout loudly", gathered soldiers from all over the country, saying "blow the horn", and advised the leader of the other side, saying "You go back to see the leader of the Achaeans and ask him to take my message to Achilles". There has never been a habit of "issuing a declaration of war", never seen a "letter delivered by swallows", never seen a "letter of state", and repeatedly emphasized: carrying my message is the right of the commander.
Let's look at the details in the Odyssey in Homer's epic. The "messenger" does not carry a "letter", but information. What is information? It is a "message". What do people rely on to communicate with each other? It relies on "he asks" and "you answer". From the beginning to the end, we can see a dialogue. Antinous, the son of Opeses, answered: Tell me the truth, there is no "treasure bag seconds", no "delivery of letters", no "angry writing", no "writing freely", no "opening love letters".
"The Iliad" tells us that in ancient times in the West, there was no "writing", only "language", and the ancestors of Western nations also lived in the world of "oral messages".
7. The elites of mankind are not satisfied with the history of only "saying", and they have created writing again and again, and they have died again and again
After humans floated into the earth, for a long time, there was only "language" but no "writing". The elites of mankind could not be satisfied with the status quo. The oldest civilizations in the world have successively given birth to pictographic or ideographic or phonetic writing, namely: the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt, Mayan writing, Indian writing, Sumerian writing, etc.
The first writing system to be created on Earth was the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
The first writing system to be created on Earth was the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, which were created 5,500 years ago. The hieroglyphics created by the ancient Egyptians were engraved on the joint plates of Pharaoh Narmer's armor. Papyrus was also a writing material. Papyrus is a plant that grows on both sides of the Nile River. After processing, it can be used as paper. The ancient Egyptians used sharpened reed stalks and dipped them in paint to write.
This type of hieroglyphics is called "sacred books" because these characters are used for sacrifices and carvings on temples and tombs. The ancient Egyptians paid attention to the beauty of the characters. The inscriptions on the pyramids or temple ruins have beautiful fonts. The writing order: up and down, left and right are all OK. The reading order: read from whichever side the faces of the characters and animals in the text face.
The writing of inscriptions is complex and difficult to read and learn, but the hieroglyphs have a set of phonetic symbols that only represent consonants, which are divided into 75 double consonants and 24 single consonants. These consonants are the embryo of global alphabetic writing. Ancient Egyptian writing has two writing systems: hieroglyphics and ideographic writing. The Semitic people in the Sinai Peninsula developed the original Sinaitic script from this.
In 1000 BC, the Phoenician script appeared in the world. The mother of this script is the Egyptian hieroglyphs. Today's Latin and Cyrillic letters are based on the Greek alphabet, and the mother of the Greek alphabet is the Phoenician alphabet. In other words, the source of Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek letters are all Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Four or five thousand years ago, ancient Egypt had its own notation table. Dozens of Egyptian pharaohs were chiseled on stone tablets. The characters used were hieroglyphics. However, in 639 AD, the Arabs invaded Egypt, hieroglyphics disappeared, and Arabic flourished. The 75 double consonants and 24 single consonant phonetic symbol frameworks left by hieroglyphics became the "mother" of the global phonetic alphabet.
After the hieroglyphics were extinct, no one knew this text until the Rosetta Stone was discovered in Egypt in 1799. In that year, the French army found a black basalt stone tablet in Rosetta, Egypt, with three paragraphs of text engraved on it: ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, ancient Egyptian demotic text, and Greek. The code of ancient Egyptian text was thus deciphered, and hieroglyphics once again attracted the attention of the world.
The Rosetta Stone is a granite diorite stele made in 196 BC, engraved with the edict of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy V. At that time, the Egyptians were so miserable that they could not even recognize the characters in 196 BC. Fortunately, this stele has three different language versions, one of which is ancient Greek, which countless people today can read.
Through comparison, the Egyptians interpreted this ancient Egyptian text and realized that their ancestors, once the leader of the four ancient civilizations, had created "hieroglyphics" with two writing systems of "hieroglyphics and ideographic writing" that could be proud of all mankind.
The early phonetic writing in ancient Egypt was a mixture of pictures and words. Some words represented meanings, and some words represented sounds. The phonetic writing developed to a later stage and became a phonetic symbol, that is, the letters of a foreign language. Different foreign letters were combined to form a foreign word, and finally developed into a phonetic writing that recorded speech.
In the era when ancient Egypt created "hieroglyphics", the Chinese nation, one of the four ancient civilizations, did not have "writing" yet. It was in the era of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, which only had "language" and "mythology". The oracle bone inscriptions of the Chinese nation had not yet become writing and were carved on tortoise bones. Archaeological evidence has determined that the creation of oracle bone inscriptions was during the reign of Wu Ding in the late Shang Dynasty (about 1250 BC to 1200 BC), which was more than 2,000 years later than the "hieroglyphics" of Egypt.
The second type of writing born on Earth is the Mayan writing in Central America
The second type of writing born on Earth is the Mayan writing in Central America. This type of writing is another ancient writing that has been deciphered in the world, and 90% of it has been deciphered.
The history of Mayan writing can be traced back to the 3rd century BC, more than 1,000 years earlier than the oracle bone inscriptions of the Chinese nation. Mayan writing is a ideographic writing, not a writing with developed strokes. Similar to contemporary Japanese, the glyphs are a combination of pictograms and sounds.
Mayan writing was popular in the middle of the 3rd century and is the most mature American writing. Russian scholars believe that Mayan writing has the same "mother" as the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics and the Chinese oracle bone script, but Mayan writing and ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics are a combination of pictographic writing and ideographic writing.
Mayan writing originated in today's Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. It is said that it was created by the "Sun Eye God". The Mayans used hair to make pens and bark to make paper. The writing content includes: mythology, calendar, prophecy, rituals, history, etc. The writing order of Mayan writing is from left to right and from top to bottom.
According to the existing Mayan stele inscriptions, Mayan writing has a history of nearly 1,500 years of use. However, the Zapotecs, Toltecs and Aztecs have caused varying degrees of damage to Mayan culture, especially in the 16th century, when the Spaniards invaded Central America, books were burned and wizards were massacred, leading to the destruction of Mayan writing.
Today, there are only four books in the world that record Mayan characters, all of which are engraved books. The others were destroyed by the Spaniards. Most of the remaining Mayan characters were carved on the altars of the temples.
The third type of characters born on Earth is the cuneiform characters in the West Asia region
The third type of characters born on Earth is the cuneiform characters in the West Asia region, which was created by the Sumerians in 3200 BC. The Sumerians used pointed sticks to press the characters on the wet clay tablets. The shape of the strokes is very similar to a wedge, so it is called cuneiform. This type of characters originated in the Mesopotamian Plain and is one of the oldest characters in the world. It has been used in the West Asia region for more than 3,000 years.
Cuneiform is divided into Akkadian cuneiform and Hittite, which are composed of four strokes (horizontal, left-falling, right-falling and vertical). The writing tools and methods of cuneiform are peculiar. They are mostly written on clay tablets. The lines of the characters are cuneiform, and the characters gradually evolve into syllable symbols, so they are also called nail-head characters and Ding-head characters. Cuneiform was passed on to Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. Letters or treaties from countries on both sides of the Egyptian River were written in cuneiform. In the Assyrian Empire, cuneiform became an internationally accepted language and was the first language in human writing to reach a mature level.
Cuneiform was later replaced by Greek. Phoenician merchants imitated Egyptian hieroglyphs and invented Phoenician alphabetic writing, which gradually became the mainstream and was later replaced by Arabic. After that, no one knew about cuneiform until 1472, when it was discovered by Italian adventurers and known to the world.
The fourth type of writing born on Earth is the Indian Harappan script
The fourth type of writing born on Earth is the Indian Harappan script (also known as the Indus script and seal script)
As an ancient civilization, India gave birth to "seal script" more than 4,000 years ago. This type of writing is engraved on seals made of pottery or clay. Today, more than 2,000 fragments have been unearthed. The Harappan script is the writing used in the Harappa period in the ancient Indus River Basin. Scientists have worked hard to decipher these ancient characters, but they are still unable to decipher them.
Compared with the discovery time of the Mesopotamian civilization and the Nile civilization, the discovery time of the Harappan civilization in India was relatively late. It was not until 1873 that archaeologists discovered a seal on a painting, and thus discovered more than 4,000 objects engraved with this ancient text. In the early 1970s, Indian scholars published a compilation of Harappan texts, which included 3,700 seals and 417 patterns. The writing direction was from right to left, and the dusty civilization of Harappan texts became known to the world.
The achievements created by the Harappan civilization are no less than those of other ancient civilizations. The Harappan texts unearthed today exist on seals, and their functions are difficult to determine, but seals are used in administrative management systems. It can be inferred that the Indus civilization at that time already had an administrative management system, and the text had been engraved on seals. It can be imagined that the maturity of the Harappan texts at that time was extraordinary.
Scholars have been interpreting these seal texts. Some believe that this is the original Indo-European language, some believe that this is the original Dravidian language, and some believe that this is another Chinese language of the same era as oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions.
The fifth type of writing born on Earth is the oracle bone script of the Chinese nation
The fifth type of writing born on Earth is the oracle bone script of the Chinese nation. Oracle bone script is one of the oldest writing systems in the world, with a history of more than 3,000 years. It is the only ancient writing system born in ancient times that has been passed down to this day.
Before oracle bone script, there was a legend that Cangjie created characters, but archaeological discoveries only found oracle bone script. There are five origins of oracle bone script, knotting, Bagua, Hetu Luoshu, Cangjie created characters, and pictures. Oracle bone script has undergone character changes and has become the Chinese characters used by the Chinese nation today. It has spread to countries such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, forming a Chinese character cultural circle containing more than 30 characters.
Today, there are about 1.6 billion Chinese speakers, about 422 million Spanish speakers, about 331 million English speakers, about 211 million Arabic speakers, and about 186 million Hindi speakers. There are 129 Chinese dialects, 30 of which are endangered, such as Anu, Hezhe, Tata, Yugur, and Tujia.
Using statistics, genetics, linguistics, and archaeology, linguists have confirmed that the pictographic writing of oracle bone script originated in the Yellow River Basin in the north of the Chinese nation. The origin point is known, but how the writing originated is still a mystery.
The reason why oracle bone script is called pictographic script is that it uses pictographic symbols to represent content, which is easy to understand and can be understood at a glance. The so-called ideographic script is a combination of pictographic script and phonetic script, such as the cuneiform script in the Mesopotamian region, the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt, the Chinese characters of the Chinese nation, and the Mayan hieroglyphics in Central America. The so-called phonetic script is also called alphabetic script, which uses simple strokes to mark sounds, such as English in the Indo-European language family. Reading the notes allows people of the same language to write their characters.
Oracle bone script is about 2000 years later than nail-head script, but Chinese characters are the only classical characters that have been passed down and used to this day. The phonetic symbols of Chinese characters still used in Taiwan today were created in the early years of the Republic of China on the mainland at that time, and later became an internationally recognized Chinese phonetic system. The design of the popular Chinese phonetic script on the mainland today refers to the design ideas of the "phonetic symbols" at that time.
The ancient book "Huainanzi" of the Chinese nation said that the invention of writing was a great event. It said: In the past, Cangjie created writing and millet rained from the sky and ghosts cried at night. This statement has become a well-known historical legend of the Chinese nation, but the only Chinese character form with definite evidence is oracle bone script.
After the oracle bone script was engraved on the tortoise bones, the states in the Central Plains ignored the rules, wrote and cast at will, causing confusion in the pronunciation and meaning of the oracle bone script. At this time, the names of Chinese characters were "Jinwen" and "Dazhuan".
Entering the Warring States Period, the way the princes wrote characters became more and more casual, and the alienation of Dazhuan became more and more serious. Qin Shihuang instructed Li Si, the prime minister of Qin, to unify the characters of the whole country and named it "Xiaozhuan".
The strokes of small seal script are thin and round, making it easy to write. The whole Qin Dynasty worked together to change the curved strokes of small seal script into straight strokes, and a new writing method appeared in small seal script: official script. Official script laid the foundation for the writing form of Chinese characters in later generations. Later, cursive script and regular script appeared based on the shape of official script. It can be said that official script had a profound impact on Chinese civilization for thousands of years.
The ancient Chinese characters can be passed down to this day, which is related to the "leniency" of foreign nations towards Chinese characters
The ancient Chinese characters can be passed down to this day, which is related to the "leniency" of foreign nations that conquered the Chinese nation in successive dynasties towards Chinese characters. In the history of the Chinese nation, there have been many "destroyed countries", and the largest ones were the establishment of new countries of foreign nations: the Jin Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. Logically, the "carrier" of the country, Chinese characters, would also face a catastrophe, but the result was just the opposite.
After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the Liao regime was forced to move westward, and the Jurchens became the new masters. In August 1191 AD, Jin Taizu issued an order to abandon the Khitan characters originally used by the Jurchen tribe and use Chinese characters. This was the first time that the "characters" of the Chinese nation met "the destined person".
In the Yuan Dynasty, the founding emperor Kublai Khan was fluent in Chinese. Considering that there were many people in the court who did not know Chinese, the "Imperial Report" was still mainly in Mongolian. By the time of Emperor Yingzong, Chinese was popularized in Yuan Dynasty society. During the time of Emperor Wenzong, the close officials had been "completely renewed". During the time of Emperor Shundi, the "Imperial Report" no longer had the translator "Qielimachi".
The so-called "Qielimachi" is a translator who is proficient in Mongolian and Chinese. Those who acted as "Qielimachi" were all close officials and important officials of Kublai Khan. Qielimachi is Mongolian, and its meaning is translator. This historical fact can be confirmed from the Ming Dynasty document "Cao Mu Zi·Za Zu", which states: (Northerners) established Qielimachi, probably to translate history, to understand the Chinese and foreign languages and writings. In the past, Emperor Shizu once asked Confucius what kind of people he was, and someone answered: This is the Qielimachi of heaven. Emperor Shizu was very fond of him.
Kublai Khan also vigorously promoted education and cultivated more cultural elites with Chinese background. Before his death, most of the Mongols who did not speak Chinese became fluent in Chinese. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Chinese was no longer a barrier to office work, and Chinese replaced Mongolian with absolute advantage. As a result, the Yuan Dynasty inscriptions that have been handed down to this day are very different from the correct Persian grammar. In other words, the officials who wrote them at that time did not know Persian, and these inscriptions were written in the "Chinese to Persian" translation method.
In the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty emperor Aixinjueluo family was almost all "Han people". Aixinjueluo Juchang'an and Aixinjueluo Taksi were both proficient in Chinese. Aixinjueluo Taksi's son Aixinjueluo Nurhaci was also proficient in Chinese. It was rare for his descendants to not speak Chinese, and Aixinjueluo Huang Taiji's Chinese was even better.
Although the Qing emperors claimed to refuse to be sinicized and learn the lessons of the demise of Liao and Jin, they refused to be sinicized in their mouths, but they were determined to be sinicized in their hearts. The original texts of Yongzheng and Qianlong's red-ink comments were all in Chinese characters, and the plaques in the Forbidden City were also written in Manchu and Chinese. The documents that Kangxi used to communicate with his subjects were all in Chinese characters. During the reign of Kangxi, Chinese characters and Manchu had the same status. Kangxi was proficient in Chinese. At that time, the policy of "Manchu and Han are one family" was implemented, and the Manchu nobles were very enthusiastic about learning Chinese characters. The Qing government had already set Chinese characters and Chinese as the official language.
During the Qianlong period, this phenomenon became more one-sided. In the late Qianlong period, Chinese characters and Chinese had become the mainstream of the Qing Empire. The children of the Manchu nobles generally did not know Manchu. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, once said: Manchu is also a basic course, but I didn't even learn the alphabet, and it ended with the death of my teacher Yiktan. These historical facts are recorded in Puyi's "My First Half of Life".
8. Smart people in the human race are not satisfied with the history without "writing", and they left behind rock carvings and rock paintings and other ancient monuments for future generations. Although there is no writing, there are pictures.
Before the birth of writing on the earth, facing the current situation of "language" but no "writing", the greatest "ability" of the "smart people" in ancient times was to use pictures to tell the "stories" of themselves and their tribes. Many rock carvings, engraved symbols, rock paintings, and pictorial characters have been discovered around the world.
For example, the Jiahu inscription symbols found on the land of China are about 9,000 years old. Compared with oracle bone inscriptions, they are like a simplified version of oracle bone inscriptions on the land of China, and are a kind of symbol "close to" writing.
For example, more than 240 artifacts in the "Liangzhu primitive ruins" found on the land of China are engraved with pictures and symbols, and the "text and picture symbols" of the late Longshan culture found on the land of China are 1,200 years earlier than the Yinxu oracle bone inscriptions, about 4,500 to 5,000 years ago.
For example, the "Tangbaletas Cave Painted Rock Painting Group" discovered in Xinjiang on the land of China is located in Keketuohai. It is a typical cave rock carving, engraving, rock painting, and picture character relics. There are many rock paintings in the cave, including palm prints, concentric circle patterns, reversed human face paintings, abstract crowd paintings with legs apart and wearing several horn ornaments or tail ornaments, crowd paintings with bows, and unknown "symbolic characters". The colors are red and white. Some of these paintings are chiseled on the rocks, and some are painted in the rock sheds.
Another example is the ancient rock paintings found in Xiaokuzibai and Baozidong on the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains in China. The gravels are about 1.3 meters high, 2 meters wide and 5 meters long. The gravels are exposed on all sides. The rock paintings are: three people holding bows hunting, the arrow has been shot at the big-horned deer, in front of the hunters, two six-horned sheep are still fighting, another hunting picture, the hunter throws a stone ball, the stone ball hits the six-horned sheep in front of the legs, and another grazing picture, the shepherd shouts to drive the sheep, the sheep are in different shapes, standing, watching, bowing, eating grass, lying quietly.
The carving technique of these rock paintings is intaglio, the carving lines are about 1 cm wide and 0.3 cm deep. The bows and arrows in the rock paintings are about 3,000 years old according to archaeological excavations. It can be inferred that this rock painting belongs to the Bronze Age, around the birth of oracle bone inscriptions.
During the same period, rock carvings, symbols, rock paintings, and pictographic writings all over the world sprang up like mushrooms after rain. The "smart people" among humans used rock carvings, symbols, rock paintings, and pictographic writings to tell the "stories" of themselves and their tribes.
Zambia has many rock carvings, symbols, rock paintings, and pictographic writings. The Kundabweka rock paintings are near the Kundabweka Falls, 96 kilometers northwest of Mporokosso. The Serenje District Caves and Rock Paintings are 30 kilometers north of Kanona and have a history of 12,000 years. The Nyambwezu rock shelter has paintings similar to the Chifubwa Stream Cave, which is 3,000 years old. The Zawi Hill rock paintings are located 32 kilometers north of Chipata, near the village of Kamukwe.
The rock paintings in the Camonica Valley in Brescia Province, Italy, are the largest rock murals in the world. The Karelian rock paintings are known as the "Bible of the Stone Age". In addition to animals, birds, fish, boats, and people, there are also unknown symbols in the rock paintings. Scientists believe that by interpreting these symbols, we can know the stories of the ancients about flying.
The White Sea rock paintings, which were born in 6000 BC or even earlier, have more than 2,000 rock paintings in an area of nearly 2 square kilometers. Many rocks have traces of "imprinted paintings". The so-called "imprinted paintings" are rock paintings that are not engraved, but pressed. The birth process of this outstanding cultural relic of Nordic primitive art is exactly the same as what we explained in "Why did the Egyptians build the pyramids? How did the Egyptians build the pyramids?"
The Dampier rock paintings in the northwest of Australia are known as one of the top 10 endangered cultural heritages. The earliest rock paintings were created 20,000 years ago. There are 500,000 to 1 million rock paintings, which constitute the world's largest rock painting group. The patterns include kangaroos, lizards, emu footprints and Tasmanian tigers, human faces, people climbing trees to hunt possums, and no symbols.
9. Conclusion
When humans floated into the earth, they brought "language". The smart people among humans were not satisfied with the history without "writing", and they carefully "designed" their own "writing" again and again. For humans, the ideographic and phonetic writing that spread all over the world is the greatest creation of humans after they floated into the earth. With writing, humans on the earth have a bridge connecting the past, today and the future.
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